Ocean liner advertising took a variety of forms. Most promotional literature was strictly utilitarian and limited to announcements of routes and schedules [39] and to deck plans [40, 63-67]. Almost all illustrations of ships were iconic views in which the ocean liner crowns an evolutionary line of ships [42], towers over all contemporary craft [51, 58], or is eagerly awaited by expectant passengers or wistful stay-at-homes [46, 49-50].

Pictorial views such as that of Fabre Line’s Sant’Anna in midocean [56] did little to allay prospective passengers’ misgivings about the perils and uncertainties ocean travel. Far more inviting were images that ignored the sea altogether to focus on destinations [52-54] or that present-ed the ship as an abstraction [48].